The Centers for Disease Control estimate that there are about _______________ people living with HIV in the United States. Period of decline = pathogen particles start to decline - slightly less than maximum Adhesins are usually located on __________ of the pathogen and are composed mainly of __________ and __________. What is the intensity of this light? helps other immune responses. Which of the following is the correct definition of the term Nosocomial Infection? ", "The use of gloves does not eliminate the need for proper and regular hand washing. (b) How do they differ? We]D!DTJewEj(dd.v,"t?huBwh7Vr5qjazNlAZO;8?&EToAb#xBxjzl?ch"x\}CAASM{Pj\^ViATinfMi\k+>!aOi/_gw]6/U)M~+ 8c Zj-L*c. Which of the following is NOT a way for pathogens to enter the body? Infect healthy rats with the complemented strain and see if the severity of disease is comparable to when rats are infected with the wild type pathogen. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. (c) What initiates the period of decline? Explain\text{\red{Explain}}Explain Why are hypotheses so important to controlled experiments? redness Which pathogen is non-living? thymus and bone marrow The body's immune system will react the same was as it did during the first exposure. a. the vehicle that carries the pathogen b. a person or population that comes in contact with a pathogen c. a person who has a party for friends and family d. the intermediate resevoir where the pathogen lives A person or population that comes in contact with a pathogen 2 0 obj Some fungi produce toxins and exoenzymes involved in disease production and capsules that provide protection of phagocytosis. *The correct order is: antigen binds to BCR; B cell activated; B cell divides; plasma cells form. The body will not be able to fight off the pathogen quickly, because it knows how to get into the body easier. a. pathogens b. nonpathogens c. opportunistic pathogens d. indigenous microflora e. saprophytes: Term. *(c) ion. Any substance that the white blood cells recognize as foreign is known as what? A communicable disease that can be easily transmitted from person to person is which type of disease? ##Qmv&,! Section: 07.05, Which of the following is not an autoimmune disease? Lymph capillaries drain directly into the right lymphatic duct. antioxidant 3. In this context, this means people who were recently vaccinated for the flu. The larval form of Schistosoma mansoni uses a __________ to help it gain entry through intact skin. Describe the virulence factors associated with the fungal pathogen Aspergillus. 17. MHC Through a drop of infected blood on healthy skin. possess specific receptors. which of the following would not be considered a pathogen? endobj perforin, perforin 29. c. employers must have written airborne pathogen exposure control plans I'm workspace. *True, cytokines are produced by T lymphocytes, macrophages, and other cells. The virus infected the gorillas and chimpanzees, but only the chimpanzees got sick since the virus is not a pathogen to gorillas. phagocytosis is involved. True Kochs postulates are used to determine whether a particular microorganism is a pathogen. OSHA mandates that all employers are required to provide the Hepatits B vaccination to employees free of charge. 25. Section: 07.04. Consider the leg as two rods joined rigidly together at the knee; the axis for the leg is the hip joint. acid pH of stomach helps other immune responses. 3 0 obj One response of the human immune. Explain how helminths evade the immune system. Which type of disease is this? A Protozoans Likewise, hand washing does not eliminate the need for the use of gloves. A person steps on a rusty nail and develops tetanus. innate The bacterium is probably which of the following? Who is not at high risk for contracting MRSA? False, True Endotoxin is the lipid A component of the LPS of the gram-negative cell envelope. OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.1030 is directed towards which healthcare concern? Based on these characteristics, how would you classify this toxin? 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. Determine the free-vibration response of the triple pendulum shown in given figure for li=l(i=1,2,3)l_i=l(i=1,2,3)li=l(i=1,2,3) and mi=m(i=1,2,3)m_i=m(i=1,2,3)mi=m(i=1,2,3) for the initial conditions 1(0)=2(0)=0\theta_1(0)=\theta_2(0)=01(0)=2(0)=0, 3(0)=30,i(0)=0(i=1,2,3)\theta_3(0)=\theta_{30}, \dot{\theta}_i(0)=0(i=1,2,3)3(0)=30,i(0)=0(i=1,2,3). Imagine that a mutation in the gene encoding the cholera toxin was made. IgG antibodies bind to pathogens, activate the compliment and enhance phagocytosis. -The use of Personal A Cold and flu B. keeps the pie chilled before serving it. A person steps on a rusty nail and develops tetanus. Question: 6, Exposures to bloodborne pathogens can occur from which of the following? endobj which of the following is a pathogen, risk is often presented as _________, which is a measure of the statistical likelihood that something will occur, generally speaking, as economic development occurs, the risk of exposure to indoor air pollution _______, and the impact of over consumption of food and tobacco _________, advocates of environmental justice seek which of the following, risks related to development spread evenly across all populations, You are working with a chemical, so to educate yourself about the chemical's hazard, you read its material safety data sheet (MSDS) the msds indicates that the LD50 for the chemical is 5 grams per kilogram body weight this LD50 indicates that____, Half of the animals tested died when given that dose of the chemical, Which of the following is a cryonic effect of exposure to a toxin, The process of risk assessment includes all of the following except, Weighing the risk against economic, social, and legal considerations, Although bisphenol (BPA) is found in plastics sold in the United States, the chemical has been banned in many countries because it is, thalidomide was banned because it was determined to be, leaded paint and gasoline are longer available in the US because lead is, which of the following pollutants is/are readily dissolved and transported in water, which of the following organisms runs the highest risk of harm as a result of the biological magnification of pollutants, which of the following diseases is spread via water containing infected human waste, how can a flu virus be more dangerous than the ebola virus, individuals infected with a flu virus tend to travel and spread the disease before they get sick, benefits that we draw from the environment, what disease is expected to become more widespread as a result of global climate change, prevent disease outbreaks and harm from natural disasters, air pollution causes considerable harm to human health, based on your understanding of how air pollution affects people, which of the following examples is most likely to cause harm, a carcinogen is released from gasoline while a car is being filled. swelling All of the following are major forms of disease transmission except? D Bacteria, What is the common cold's pathogen. Section: 07.04, If you were vaccinated against the mumps virus and later exposed to it, you would still be infected but it would not be as bad as if you had never been vaccinated. *The purpose of a vaccination is to prevent an infection by causing active immunity. all of the following may contribute to urinary tract infections except? Which of the following statements about the treatment of viruses is not true? When stung by a bee, Jackie goes into anaphylactic shock. Bloodborne pathogens areinfectious microorganisms in human blood that can cause disease in humans. Julio wants to cook chicken and bake a pie made with eggs and milk for his roommates. answer choices Virus Bacteria Fungi Parasite/Protist They are all alive Question 2 10 seconds Q. D. degrade cell membranes to allow pathogens to escape phagosomes, 13. An employee who has been exposed to blood or OPIM must be offered a private medical evaluation. A disease causing organism is called at what? B. Brian goes to the hospital after not feeling well for a week. 1. Section: 07.04 True The adaptive immune response includes: humoral immune response, cell-mediated immune response Which of the following is the most likely explanation? sebaceous secretions *(a) gas-liquid. MTBE is used to be added to gasoline sold for vehicles, MTBE has been found in groundwater. An employee, who has an occupational exposure potential with blood or OPIM, does not need to notify their supervisor as to the existence of an open sore. Some helminths are so large that the immune system is ineffective against them. Brian goes to the hospital after not feeling well for a week. Explain. *IgM antibodies activate the complement and clump cells. IgD True b. Since some bacteria in a biofilm are not actively growing (or are in exponential, or log, phase), they would not be affected by antibiotics. Test Prep. OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Quiz 4: The OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Standard Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Explain how the current discovery of the presence of this reported P. aeruginosa could lead to a recurrence of nosocomial disease. Section: 07.02, The membrane attack complex of the complement system is not effective against viruses. The concentration of pathogen needed to kill 50% of an infected group of test animals is the __________. *In active immunity the individual produces antibodies against particular pathogens and in passive immunity the individual is given specific antibodies against a pathogen. Section: 07.05, Cytokines are signaling molecules produced by T lymphocytes. <>/ExtGState<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 816.96] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> 31. [8QRP{i?P-%?`ReX}:Tgx Section: 07.04. stream tuberculosis q"]dg' ~2CqfR Z:+ C2'\&zQH4U^;D},}y 7HhTKy/5z'/wj\jB}H+Dzzke/}^bTY9bH]K0mY&0 j0#\0p(-&T"vUYIAcD+Hdb->[[~@+u@*i!VI7kiT.&S6dI&ezre^Zm;U;-)oR.s. ~s9(kB4)a26;]DP/>EahC_6KaKfho s2Lr`P(L"eG5dM|cGzU\BVszPdQj-XT2%dsg*fs9]XG%ZZ4cCzaOOzdivV> You have recently identified a new toxin. Which of the following is a major virulence factor for the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus? False b. 36. You also discover that it targets liver cells. IgM In what position would you place a client in suspected hypovolemic shock? Section: 07.03, People with allergies do not produce IgE. Myasthenia gravis Simgle-celled microscopic animals that realease enzymes or toxing that destroy cells are called what? ", "According the Centers for Disease Control, how many people living in the United States suffer from chronic HBV? Signs of a disease are objective and are measured. Which of the following choices lists the steps of pathogenesis in the correct order? in a household with smokers, which of the following health outcomes is most likely to occur, if a family was exposed to arsenic over a long period of time, which of the following health outcomes would be most likely, nervous system disorders and problems in brain development leading to low IQ. C infection. 1. Infect healthy rats with this mutant strain and look for decreased signs of disease. True Which type of isolation requires the following: keep the patient in a separate room with the door closed; all staff wear protective gowns, masks, and gloves; and . Two types of toxins are hemolysins and leukocidins. bacteria The following is not a defense mechanism for infectious disease: A mucous membranes. IgA Exoenzymes and toxins allow pathogens to invade host tissue and cause tissue damage. Section: 07.04, Cytokines assist in regulating white blood cell formation. myasthenia gravis, hay fever destroying their nucleic acids. A __________ cannot live without its host for very long. cytokines. sAR@`c&bChM=U,:n^W#*@'P|P\(Fdhv '?t2.qzM57r%e %KO%Li'[Tqo\,j6m "As a student, I am NOT required to receive the Hepatitis B vaccination prior to starting my clinical rotations. red blood cells, macrophages -Protective Equipment a. - it acts as a mutagen and carcinogen How often is bloodborne pathogens training required? EKG, MHC AIDS and tuberculosis are not autoimmune disorders. C white blood cells. Each line of The tile will have the following form: For example, suppose that the file contains the following lines: The output of the program should have the following appearance: Have the program obtain the file name from the command line. )IAjBhX3d_FXLM5[7w ;crmYzw=4+7+ts37m?FW`4Tm*;`BGAQx ."VE1 A . 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(Exercises), [ "article:topic", "authorname:openstax", "showtoc:no", "license:ccby", "licenseversion:40", "source@https://openstax.org/details/books/microbiology" ], https://bio.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fbio.libretexts.org%2FBookshelves%2FMicrobiology%2FMicrobiology_(OpenStax)%2F15%253A_Microbial_Mechanisms_of_Pathogenicity%2F15.E%253A_Microbial_Mechanisms_of_Pathogenicity_(Exercises), \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( 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C Viruses Access the complete course and earn ASCLS P.A.C.E.-approved continuing education credits by subscribing online. Infectious diseases can be spread by any of the following ways except: The following is not a defense mechanism for infectious disease: The organism that attaches itself to healthy cells is called a/an: The virus that causes __________ also causes itchy, red bumps. Describe how molecular Koch's postulates could be used to test this hypothesis. A Virus The page below is a sample from the LabCE course OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens. TCR 3. Section: 07.02. IgE A bacterial infection called lyme disease is spread by what? Distinguish between the signs and symptoms of disease in Brians case. *Hay fever is a hypersensitivity. thyroid and tonsils inflammatory response, inflammatory response Which of the following is an example of a noncommunicable infectious disease? Bloodborne Pathogens are microorganisms in blood that may cause disease in humans. have enzymes which react with antigens. Which of the following pathogens undergoes antigenic variation to avoid immune defenses? C. Plasmodium C Athlete's foot and ringworm Immunity produced by the injection of gamma globulin is known as what? IgM A 150 g copper bowl contains 220 g of water, both at 20.0^\circC. P. aeruginosa usually causes localized ear and eye infections but can cause pneumonia or septicemia in vulnerable individuals like newborn babies. Symptoms: nausea and migraine. microorganisms that cause disease varicella zoster is the cause of chickenpox hiv is the causative agent of AIDS Vectors include insects some types of escherichia coli are normal flora of the a. urinary tract b. respiratory tract c. colob d. circulatory system c. Colon answer choices virus bacteria fungus parasite/protist Question 3 30 seconds Q. Section: 07.03, In antibody-mediated immunity where does the antigen first bind? A. degrade antibodies Candida can invade tissue by producing the exoenzymes __________ and __________. B Mumps and measles True Which virus may be a contrututing factor in the development of cervical cancer? Or is it also valid to say that the Sun goes around the Earth? (b) In terms of quantity of pathogen, in what way are these periods different? Distinguish between the signs and symptoms of disease in Brian's case. *:Q ]+]lroYQ-Q$2B&qQ1pLOQ;tg# . is composed of normal flora. During an oral surgery, the surgeon nicked the patients gum with a sharp instrument. *Since viruses are not surrounded by a membrane, the membrane attack complex is ineffective against them. neutrophils Organisms that lack chlorophyll and consist of reproductive spores and threadlike fibers represent what? Huma immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is considered which type of virus? antibodies. Diseases can either be noninfectious (due to genetics and environment) or infectious (due to pathogens). a. an aerotolerant anaerobe b. an obligate aerobe c. an obligate anaerobe d. a facultative anaerobe View Text Answer Jump To Question Which indirect object pronoun correctly completes the answer? Explain how acupuncture could facilitate exposure to pathogens. plasma cells form; B cell activated; B cell divides; antigen binds to BCR antigen binds to BCR; B cell divides; B cell activated; plasma cells form They phagocytize any pathogenic bacteria that attempt to infect. promote pathogen spread through connective tissue. Section: 07.04, What are the first antibodies produced by a plasma cell? Healthcare providers that use the sinks could also pick up the pathogen and transmit the bacterium to patients as well. a protein produced by plasma cells that attacks pathogens Which of the following is not a vaccine recommended for college students? They cause an inflammatory response that kills pathogenic bacteria upon contact. which biological agent is not considered by terrorist for the mass destruction of people? Which of the following is not required as part of an organization's exposure control plan? Section: 07.02. A communicable disease that can be easily transmitted from person to person is which type of disease? Julie S Snyder, Linda Lilley, Shelly Collins, Introduction to Sports Medicine and Athletic Training, April Lynch, Jerome Kotecki, Karen Vail-Smith, Laura Bonazzoli, Janet L. Hopson, Rebecca J. Donatelle, Tanya R. Littrell. Two periods of acute disease are the periods of illness and period of decline. ____ 1. True It is produced by immune cells to target pathogens. Make sure that all rats in the study are healthy. The concentration of pathogen needed to kill 50% of an infected group of test animals is the __________. Eleanor Noss Whitney, Ellie Whitney, Frances Sizer, DIET200 Chapter 4: Digestion and Absorption. C. It is an example of an adhesin. Can you place a Media in multiple MediaPlayers? 8. Which of the following applies to hyaluronidase? Which of the following choices lists the steps of pathogenesis in the correct order? B. capsule Apply. B Chicken Pox It promotes blood clotting. Bloodborne Pathogens are microorganisms in blood that may cause disease in humans. damage resulting in cell lysis Margination is defined as the process in which monocytes stick to the wall of the blood vessels at the site of infection Which of the following pairs is mismatched? Diseases that involve biofilm-producing bacteria are of serious concern. They use up nutrients and release wastes, preventing pathogenic bacteria from gaining a foothold. The final temperature of the system is 100^\circC. Approximately how many people in New Mexico are infected with the HIV and/or AIDS? systemic lupus erythematosus True 4. Protozoa adhere to target cells through complex mechanisms and can cause cellular damage through release of cytopathic substances. Try it now. Bloodborne Pathogens Answer Key 1. False 3. Bloodborne pathogens are infectious microorganisms in human blood that can cause disease in humans. Tuberculosis, rheumatic fever Inactivate the gene so that fimbriae are no longer produced. What is one disease most children are vaccinated against? Which of the following does NOT fit into the category of other potentially infectious materials? As a mountain erodes, sediment can accumulate in a nearby _____. *Allergic responses are hypersensitivities (greater sensitivities). intact skin False, False Ability to be transported initially to the host 2. B Virus (a) How are these toxins similar? Organisms that carry and pass on the pathogen without getting the disease, some types of escherichia coli are normal flora of the, the most important way to stop the spread of infection is through. This risk is about _____ percent!". :lL2ti+KXP? They are not as easily treated compared with those involving free-floating (or planktonic) bacteria. a. B. at time of initial assignment and annually thereafter. *The Mantoux skin test uses the delayed allergic response to indicate exposure to tuberculosis. 100% (2 ratings) 8) e) Mannose-binding lectin because this protein plays a very crucial role in the activation of the complementation pathway called the lectin pathway. pneumonia Section: 07.05, An allergic response is an over reaction of the immune system. Leishmania (Leishmaniasis) This problem has been solved! HBV is known to have survived in dried blood for up to ____ days and pose a serious risk of exposure during that time. Section: 07.02. True or False 3. A(n) __________ infection is a small region of infection from which a pathogen may move to another part of the body to establish a second infection.